Association between dietary quality and bone mass among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To evaluate the dietary quality with the dietary balance index (DBI_16) and the association between dietary quality and bone mass among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province so as to provide evidence for improving dietary quality and bone health status of Gansu population. 【Methods】 Based on the information of the type and quantity of food intake and the bone mass of middle-aged and elderly people aged 35 years and above collected by the Gansu Project in the Regional Ethnic Cohort Study in Northwest China, DBI_16 was used to evaluate the intake level of cereals, vegetables, fruits, milk, beans, fish and shrimp, eggs and other foods, and the degree of inadequate, excessive and unbalanced dietary intake of the participants. Multiple linear regression was used to evaluate the associations of three component indexes of DBI_16, high bound score (DBI_HBS), low bound score (DBI_LBS), diet quality distance (DBI_DQD), and seven single indexes of DBI_16 with bone mass. 【Results】 Analyses of the dietary and bone mass data of 11,840 participants showed that 44.8% of participants consumed excessive amounts of cereals compared to the dietary recommendation. 96.3%, 90.6%, 90.1%, 71.9%, 95.1% and 60.3% of participants’ intake of vegetables, fruits, milk, soybeans, fish and shrimp, and eggs, respectively, were inadequate. 47.7% participants consumed less than 10 types of food. 2.3% participants’ DBI_LBS levels were appropriate. 54.7% participants’ DBI_HBS levels were appropriate. Only 1.2% participants’ DBI_DQD reached a balanced level. The bone mass level in the study population was (2.5±0.6) kg [(2.8±0.5) kg for men and (2.3±0.5) kg for women]. After adjusting for sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, total dietary energy intake and body mass index, DBI_LBS and DBI_DQD were negatively associated with bone mass [β and 95% CI was -0.002 01 (-0.003 62--0.000 40) and -0.001 76 (-0.003 09--0.000 43), respectively]. 【Conclusion】 Dietary intake imbalance is common among middle-aged and elderly people in Gansu Province, and the more severe the dietary intake imbalance, the lower the bone mass level.

Association between depressive symptoms and risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese community: An empirical analysis based on CHARLS database / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To investigate the association of depressive symptoms with the predicted risk of coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese based on a large community study. 【Methods】 A total of 2532 cases in the group without depression and 2758 cases in the group with depression were included. We compared the two groups in general demographics, information related to coronary heart disease risk, and physical function and ability to perform daily living. We also analyzed the factors associated with coronary heart disease risk by linear regression. 【Results】 ① Demographic information: The group with depression had a higher mean age, a higher proportion of women, more people with poor marital status, and a higher number of comorbid chronic diseases compared with the group without depression (all P<0.05). ② Risk indicators related to coronary heart disease: The group with depression had more people with diabetes and a significantly higher systolic blood pressure compared with the group without depression (P<0.05). The two groups did not significantly differ in the proportion of smokers, diastolic blood pressure, LDL-C, or HDL-C (all P>0.05). The risk of coronary heart disease was significantly higher in the group with depression than in the group without depression (P<0.05). ③ Physical function and ability of daily living: The physical function score, physical self-care score, and instrumental daily living ability were significantly higher in the group with depression than in the group without depression (all P<0.001). ④ Linear regression showed that except for gender, age, marital status, comorbid diabetes, smoking, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, HDL-C and LDL-C were associated with risk of coronary heart disease (P<0.05); CESD was the only factor associated with the risk of coronary heart disease [B=0.019, 95% CI: (0.015, 0.032), P=0.032]. 【Conclusion】 The risk of coronary heart disease is higher in middle-aged and elderly people with depressive symptoms than in those without depressive symptoms. Having depressive symptoms is one of the risk factors for coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly people.

Association between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and elderly people in Urumqi， Xinjiang / 上海预防医学

ObjectiveTo obtain the prevalence of sarcopenia in middle-aged and elderly people in Urumqi based on the 2020 updated based on the 2020 updated Consensus Report 2019 of Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia （AWGS2019）， and to further explore the association between sarcopenia and metabolic syndrome （MS）. MethodsA total of 1 438 middle-aged and elderly people （aged≥50 years） in Urumqi from July 2018 to January 2019 were selected as the research subjects. Data were collected by questionnaire survey， physical examination and laboratory test. Skeletal muscle mass，grip strength and 4 m walking speed were used to represent muscle mass， muscle strength and body function， respectively. Bioelectrical impedance analysis （BIA） was used to measure human body components. Based on the diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia recommended by AWGS2019， the prevalence of sarcopenia in people over 50 years old was obtained. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to explore the correlation between sarcopenia and MS in middle-aged and elderly people of different genders. ResultsThere were 194 patients with sarcopenia， with a prevalence of 13.49%. The prevalence was 15.56% in males and 12.12% in females. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of MS between male sarcopenia group （40.45%） and non-sarcopenia group （38.92%）， while the prevalence of MS in female sarcopenia group （39.04%） was higher than that in non-sarcopenia group （27.56%）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that sarcopenia was a related factor of MS. Compared with non-sarcopenia， the risk of MS in male sarcopenia group was higher （OR=2.11，95%CI： 1.15‒3.88 ）. ConclusionSarcopenia increases the risk of MS in middle-aged and elderly people， with a greater risk in men. Fully understanding of sarcopenia is helpful to early identify high-risk groups of MS and prevent the occurrence of MS.

Relationship between arsenism and depression in rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To understand the prevalence of depression in rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and to explore the relationship between arsenism and depression.Methods:In December 2016 and April 2018, a one-to-one interview questionnaire survey was conducted among middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 and above in rural areas of Bayannur City, and their depression and arsenism were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the relationship between arsenism and depression.Results:A total of 870 rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur City were included, and the detection rate of depression was 15.3% (133/870). The detection rates of depression in arsenism and non-arsenism were 20.8% (37/178) and 13.9% (96/692), respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ 2 = 4.67, P = 0.030). Multivariate logistic regression analysis after adjusting for factors associated with depression showed that people with arsenism were 1.8 times as likely to be depression compared to those without arsenism [adjusted odds ratio ( AOR) = 1.8, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.1 - 3.1, P < 0.05]. Conclusion:The detection rate of depression among rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur City is relatively high, and arsenism may increase the risk of depression.

Predictive value of lipid accumulation product and visceral fat index for metabolic syndrome among middle-aged and elderly populations / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the value of lipid accumulation product (LAP) and visceral fat index (VAI) for prediction of metabolic syndrome (MS). @*Methods@#Based on the 2018 Survey on Chronic Diseases and Risk Factors in Yantai City of Shandong Province, residents at ages of 45 years and older were sampled, and subjects' age, disease history, waist circumstance (WC), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure and blood lipid were collected to calculate LAP and VAI. MS was diagnosed with the a joint interim statement of the International Diabetes Federation Task Force on Epidemiology and Prevention; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; American Heart Association; World Heart Federation; International Atherosclerosis Society; and International Association for the Study of Obesity (JIS definition) and the recommended criteria proposed by the Chinese Diabetes Society (CDS) of Chinese Medical Association (CDS criteria), and the values of LAP and VAI for MS screening were evaluated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis.@*Results@#Totally 9 366 subjects were enrolled, including 4 340 men (46.34%) and 5 026 women (53.66%), and had a mean age of (54.49±9.73) years. According to the CDS criteria, the prevalence of MS was 24.58%, and LAP and VAI showed areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.837 (95%CI: 0.828-0.846) and 0.751 (95%CI: 0.739-0.762), sensitivities of 78.82% and 63.31% and optimal cut-off values of 44.64 and 1.86 for screening of MS. According to the JIS definition, the prevalence of MS was 35.26%, and LAP and VAI showed AUC values of 0.842 (95%CI: 0.834-0.850) and 0.790 (95%CI: 0.780-0.800), sensitivities of 75.73% and 68.42% and optimal cut-off values of 42.01 and 1.67 for screening of MS.@*Conclusions@#Both LAP and VAI are effective for screening MS among middle-aged and elderly residents, and LAP presents a higher accuracy than VAI.

Study on middle-aged and elderly people′ willingness for family doctor contracting and its influencing factors / 中华医院管理杂志

Objective:To investigate the middle-aged and elderly people′ willingness for family doctor service contracts and its influencing factors, and to provide feasible suggestions for the implementation and promotion of family doctor services.Methods:Stratified random sampling method was adopted to select middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 in 6 urban areas of Xuzhou city for questionnaire survey to investigate their illness, medical treatment and their willingness to contract a family doctor. The data acquired were analyzed with statistical description, univariate analysis( χ2 test), and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results:Among the 927 valid questionnaires were recovered, 272(29.34%)of them intended to contract a family doctor, and 655(70.66%)had no such intention. Results of multivariate logistic regression showed that the influencing factors of the middle-aged and elderly people′ willingness of contracting family doctors were age, occupation, self-rated health, treatment status within two weeks, chronic diseases, referral experience and their knowledge of family physician contract system.Conclusions:Middle-aged and elderly people at large are not willing to sign up for family doctors. It is recommended to focus the publicity efforts on those who are relatively younger age, farming and healthier, enhancing their awareness of the service, and encouraging them to support the dual-referral policy. These efforts are expected to promote the coordinated progress of both dual referral and family doctor contract service, hence achieving the national coverage of the family doctor system.

Associations between osteoarthritis and GAD/depression among rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region / 中华地方病学杂志

Objective:To investigate the relationship between osteoarthritis and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)/depression among rural middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region.Methods:From 2016 to 2018, a one-to-one interview questionnaire survey was conducted among 832 rural middle-aged and elderly people aged 45 or above in Bayannur. Logistic regression model was used to explore the relationship between osteoarthritis and GAD/depression.Results:Of 832 rural middle-aged and elderly participants, 28.73% (239/832) were diagnosed with osteoarthritis. The risk of GAD and depression increased by 71% [adjusted odds ratio ( AOR): 1.71, 95% confidence interval ( CI): 1.12 - 2.60] and 68% ( AOR: 1.68, 95% CI: 1.10 - 2.58), respectively, in patients with osteoarthritis compared with those without osteoarthritis. Conclusions:The prevalence of osteoarthritis is high among the middle-aged and elderly people in Bayannur, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Osteoarthritis may increase the risk of GAD/depression. It is necessary to take corresponding intervention measures to prevent the occurrence of osteoarthritis to reduce GAD/depression.

Investigation on current status and analysis of influencing factors of phalanx bone mineral density in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengdu / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the current status of bone mineral density level in middle-aged and elderly people in Chengdu, and to analyze its influencing factors. Methods A random sample of 1 954 healthy people from the physical examination center of Sichuan People's Hospital was selected. A questionnaire survey was used to collect demographic data, chronic medical history, diet, exercise, and other conditions. The phalanx bone mineral density was collected by on-site measurement. Results With the increase of age, bone mineral density decreased significantly, and the bone mineral density of females in the same age group was lower than that of males (P65 years old and females were >55 years old. Univariate analysis showed that age, gender, hypertension, diabetes, alcohol consumption, smoking, exercise, sun exposure and drinking milk, coffee, tea and carbonated beverages were associated with the level of bone mineral density. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that diabetes, smoking and regular drinking of coffee or tea were risk factors for the decrease of bone mineral density (P<0.05). Regular exercise, drinking milk and sun exposure were protective factors for bone mineral density (P<0.05). Conclusion Bone mineral density level is affected by various factors. Regular exercise, drinking milk and sun exposure can relieve the decrease of bone mineral density. Maintaining blood glucose stability, quitting smoking and drinking less coffee and tea can help to prevent osteoporosis. It is necessary to strengthen health education for high-risk population.

Influencing factors of stroke symptoms in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension in the community / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To understand the influencing factors of stroke symptoms in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension in the community, and to provide reference for the prevention and control of stroke. Methods A total of 410 cases of middle-aged and elderly hypertensive patients registered in community health service centers (or health centers) were randomly selected from 2 administrative regions of Wuhan to conduct a unified questionnaire survey. Chi-square test, analysis of variance and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the influencing factors of stroke symptoms in hypertensive patients. Results Of 31.83% the study subjects had stroke symptoms. The analysis of the results showed that high monthly per capital household income, adequate fruit intake and high level of dietary knowledge were protective factors for stroke symptoms in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension. Hypertension complications, annual medical check-ups in the hospital and a history of stroke / heart disease in immediate family members were risk factors for stroke symptoms. Conclusion Improving the health awareness of middle-aged and elderly people, vigorously promoting health education and raising the level of social security for low-income groups can reduce the risk of stroke in middle-aged and elderly patients with hypertension.

The prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma in people over 40 years old in Hai'an / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of bronchial asthma in people over 40 years old in Hai'an. Methods The stratified random sampling method was used in this study. A questionnaire survey was conducted and pulmonary function measurement was performed among the residents over 40 years old in Hai'an, ​Jiangsu Province to analyze the prevalence and epidemiological characteristics of asthma. Results A total of 2 237 valid questionnaires were collected in the survey, and 116 patients with bronchial asthma were found, with an incidence rate of 5.19%. The prevalence of asthma was related to gender, age, family history, active and passive smoking, occupational exposure, childhood history of lung disease, history of respiratory allergies, and exposure to cooking fumes (P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that being male (OR=0.637, 95%CI: 0.499~0.691) was a protective factor for asthma, while advanced age (OR=1.438, 95%CI: 1.207~1.972), active smoking (OR=1.795, 95%CI: 1.423~2.399), passive smoking (OR=2.098, 95%CI: 1.423~2.399), occupational exposure (OR=3.446, 95% CI: 2.175~6.290), childhood history of lung disease (OR=2.228, 95%CI: 1.337~4.491), history of respiratory allergies (OR=2.287, 95%CI: 1.535~5.219) were risk factors for asthma (P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence rate of bronchial asthma in people over 40 years old in Hai'an was high. Advanced age, active and passive smoking, occupational exposure, a history of lung disease in childhood, and a history of respiratory allergies were related to asthma development. It is necessary to strengthen the prevention and treatment of asthma among high-risk population in clinical practice to reduce the incidence of asthma.

Effect of intraoperative lung-protective mechanical ventilation on pulmonary oxygenation function and postoperative pulmonary complications after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy

This study aimed to observe the effects of lung-protective ventilation (LPV) on oxygenation index (OI) and postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) after laparoscopic radical gastrectomy in middle-aged and elderly patients. A total of 120 patients who were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic radical gastrectomy with an expected time of >3 h were randomly divided into conventional ventilation (CV group) with tidal volume (TV) of 10 mL/kg without positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), and lung-protective ventilation (PV group) with 7 mL/kg TV and personal level of PEEP with regular recruitment maneuver every 30 min. Measurements of OI, modified clinical pulmonary infection score (mCPIS), and PPCs were assessed during the perioperative period. Fifty-seven patients in the CV group and 58 in the PV group participated in the data analysis. Patients in the PV group showed better pulmonary dynamic compliance, OI, and peripheral capillary oxygen saturation during and after surgery. The mCPIS was significantly lower in the PV group than in the CV group after surgery. The incidence rate of PPCs was lower in the PV group than in the CV group and the difference was significant in patients whose ventilation time was longer than 6 h in both groups. LPV during laparoscopic radical gastrectomy significantly improved pulmonary oxygenation function and reduced postoperative mCPIS and the incidence of PPCs during the early period after surgery of middle-aged and elderly patients, especially patients whose mechanical ventilation time was longer than 6 h.

Relationship between weight change and the changes in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people: a cohort study / 中华预防医学杂志

Objective@#To explore the relationship between weight change and the changes in blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly Chinese people.@*Methods@#All participants were from the Dongfeng-Tongji cohort study. The study included 16 606 middle-aged and elderly Chinese people with complete information in the baseline survey in 2008 and the first follow-up survey in 2013. We collected the data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle, history of diseases and medication, and the results of medical health examinations, including height, weight, blood pressure, fasting blood glucose and lipid profiles. We divided the weight change into five groups, moderate or above weight loss (<-8.0%), slight weight loss (-8.0%, -3.1%), weight maintenance (-3.0%, 3.0%), slight weight increased (3.1%, 8.0%), and moderate or above weight increased (>8.0%). Generalized linear regression model was used to analyze the relationship between weight change and the changes in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglyceride (TG). Subgroup analyses were used to explore the influences of gender, age and baseline BMI level on the relationship between weight change and the above-mentioned metabolic indicators.@*Results@#The average age of participants in baseline survey was (62.19±7.28) years with a range of 45 to 89 years. During the five-year period, there were 18.86% (2 633), 28.03% (4 655), 35.87% (5 956), 13.96% (2 319), 6.28% (1 043) people with moderate or above weight loss, slight weight loss, weight maintenance, slight weight increased, and moderate or above weight increased, respectively. Regression analyses showed that body weight change were positively correlated with changes in SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, LDL-C and TG, and negatively correlated with change in HDL-C (all linear trend P values were<0.05); As every 10% of weight changed, the β (95%CI) of changes in SBP (mmHg) (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), DBP (mmHg), FBG (mmol/L), TC (mmol/L), LDL-C (mmol/L), HDL-C (mmol/L) and TG (mmol/L) were 4.94 (4.32, 5.55), 2.50 (2.11, 2.88), 0.05 (0.02, 0.08), 0.13 (0.11, 0.16), 0.14 (0.12, 0.16), -0.05 (-0.07, -0.04) and 0.16 (0.14, 0.18), respectively. Furthermore, subgroup analyses showed that weight change can lead to greater changes in blood pressure in older and overweight or obesity elderly people (all P for interaction<0.05).@*Conclusion@#Weight loss was beneficial for middle-aged and elderly people to improve the blood pressure, blood glucose and blood lipid profiles, regardless of the weight at the baseline, while weight gain was not.

Relationship between insomnia and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly patients / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective@#To investigate the relationship between insomnia and cognitive function in middle-aged and elderly patients.@*Methods@#Patients aged ≥ 45 years visiting outpatient clinic of You′anmen Community Health Center from October 2016 to December 2016 were enrolled in the study. Among 850 participants there were 159 patients with persistent insomnia, 188 with paroxysmal insomnia (insomnia group) and 503 with normal sleep (normal sleep group) according to DSM-5 diagnostic criteria. The sleep quality and cognition were evaluated using Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI) and Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA) and compared among 3 groups. Relationship between sleep quality and cognition, influencing factors of cognition were explored in this study.@*Results@#The total score and all sub-scores of PSQI in persistent insomnia group were higher than those in the normal sleep group. The total score of PSQI and all sub-scores (except hypnotic drugs and daytime dysfunction) of paroxysmal insomnia group were higher than those of normal sleep group. The total PSQI score and all sub-scores (except sleep disorders) of the persistent insomnia group were higher than those of the paroxysmal insomnia group. The total score of MoCA and the sub-scores of naming, attention, language, abstract thinking, delayed recall and orientation ability of the persistent insomnia group were lower than those of the normal sleep group (P<0.05). The language ability of paroxysmal insomnia group was lower than that of normal sleep group (P<0.05). The language ability of persistent insomnia group was lower than that of paroxysmal insomnia group (P<0.05). The total score of MoCA was negatively correlated with the total score of PSQI and sub-scores of sleep time and sleep efficiency (r=-0.162, -0.131, -0.190; P<0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that age was a risk factor for cognitive impairment (β=0.038, P=0.000) and sleep efficiency was a protective factor for cognitive function (β=0.260, P=0.000).@*Conclusion@#The overall cognitive function of middle-aged and elderly patients with persistent insomnia is poor, the abilities of naming, attention, language, abstract thinking, delayed recall and orientation are decreased; and the cognitive function is associated with age and sleep efficiency.

Association of serum alanine aminotransferase with the risk of cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective To investigate the association between levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and the risks of cardiovascular disease in Chinese. Methods A survey of 10 375 subjects aged 40 or older in Jiading District of Shanghai was performed using cluster sampling. All the subjects were recruited to undergo questionnaire interview, anthropometric measurements, and fasting blood sampling. A total of 8 877 participants were included in the final analyses, including 5 664 females and 3 213 males. The mean age of individuals was ( 58.68 ± 9.22)yearsinmenand(57.65±8.93)yearsinwomen(P＜0.01).10-yearriskforafirsthardatherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD) event was calculated. Results Increased ALT levels were associated with more unfavorable cardiovascular risk profiles and 10-year risk for ASCVD. Increased ALT levels were associated with the prevalence of diabetes mellitus in female participants, while in male participants the prevalence of diabetes mellitus appeared as a U-distribution. The prevalence of hypertension and hyperlipidemia were 66.04%, 52.74%and 64.49%, 47.63% respectively. Increased serum ALT was associated with higher prevalence of 10-year risk for ASCVD. As compared with participants in the first ALT quartile, the risks of 10-year risk for ASCVD were increased by 148%(OR＝2.48, 95%CI 1.78-3.45) and 139%(OR＝2.39, 95%CI 1.78-3.19), respectively in male and female participants. As compared with participants in the first ALT quartile, higher prevalence of 10-year risk for ASCVD were increased by 96%(OR＝1.96, 95%CI 1.30-2.95), while there was no significantly statistical difference in men. Conclusion A high-normal serum ALT level was significantly associated with an increased risk of the cardiovascular disease in middle-aged and elderly Chinese.

Correlation between pina bifida occulta and functional defecation abnormality among middle-aged and elderly people / 重庆医学

Objective To investigate the relationship between spina bifida occulta in lumbasacral portion and functional defe-cation abnormality among middle-aged and elderly people.Methods The cross-sectional and cluster random sampling survey meth-od was adopted to select the residents aged 45-90 years old in 7 communities of Zhengzhou City as the respondents.All respond-ents underwent the physical examination and lumbosacral digital radiography(DR)examination in the physical examination center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University,and filled the related questionnaire about defecation abnormality.The rela-tionship between SBO and functional defecation abnormality among middle-aged and elderly people was studied by diagnosing and analyzing the functional constipation(FC)and functional incontinence(FC).Results The effective sample amounts were 1 057 ca-ses,including 497 males and 560 females,167 cases of SBO(86 males and 81 females).The morbidity rate of functional defecation abnormality was 26.02%(275/1 057),23.34%(116/497)in males and 28.39%(159/560)in females.Among 275 cases of functional defecation abnormality,there were 72 cases of complicating SBO.The Logistic regression analysis results showed that age,SOB,physical activity status,diet and living habits,education level and psychological factors were the risk factors for functional defecation abnormality (P<0.05),while there was no relationship between between past-history of stroke and functional defecation abnormality(P>0.05).Con-clusion SBO may be one of risk factors for functional defecation abnormality among middle-aged and elderly people.

Survey on extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 and above in selected areas of Chongqing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing,and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment.Methods From October to December 2017,a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year,with a sample size of 410.Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted.Results A total of 408 people were surveyed,including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93 ± 9.03) years.The HIV infection rate was 1.47％ (6/408),with the rate of 1.28％ (4/313) in males and 2.11％ (2/95) in females.The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50％ (153/408).And 18.87％ (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors,7.60％ (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year,the constant condom use rate was 19.35％ (6/31).The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51,95％CI:5.03-310.30),4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried,divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60,95％CI:1.50-14.05),2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94,95％CI:1.86-8.36).Conclusions The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high.The factors such as gender,marital status,leisure activities,and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population.The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low.It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.

Survey on extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people aged 50 and above in selected areas of Chongqing / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To know the situation of extramarital sexual behaviors and HIV infection in middle-aged and elderly people in Chongqing,and provide reference for AIDS prevention and treatment.Methods From October to December 2017,a multi-stage sampling method was used to recruit middle-aged and elderly people aged ≥50 years who lived in Dazu and Hechuan districts of Chongqing for at least one year,with a sample size of 410.Face-to-face questionnaires survey and HIV antibody test were conducted.Results A total of 408 people were surveyed,including 313 males and 95 females aged 50-88 (64.93 ± 9.03) years.The HIV infection rate was 1.47％ (6/408),with the rate of 1.28％ (4/313) in males and 2.11％ (2/95) in females.The awareness rate of AIDS related knowledge was 37.50％ (153/408).And 18.87％ (77/408) of subjects surveyed reported extramarital sexual behaviors,7.60％ (31/408) reported extramarital sexual behaviors in the past half year,the constant condom use rate was 19.35％ (6/31).The results of multivariate logistics model analysis on extramarital sexual behaviors showed that the prevalence in males were 39.51 times higher than that in females (OR=39.51,95％CI:5.03-310.30),4.60 times higher in those who were unmarried,divorced or widowed than that in the married or cohabitants (OR=4.60,95％CI:1.50-14.05),2.03 times higher in those with outside activities than those with individual activities (OR=2.03,95％CI:1.08-3.81) and 3.94 times higher in those with self-evaluation of emptiness of living state than that in those with engaged life (OR=3.94,95％CI:1.86-8.36).Conclusions The prevalence of extramarital sexual behavior in middle-aged and elderly people in some counties and districts in Chongqing is high.The factors such as gender,marital status,leisure activities,and self-evaluation of living state were related to the prevalence of extramarital sexual behaviors in this population.The condom use rate in extramarital sexual behavior was low.It is necessary to take effective interventions in this population.

Relationship of age-related macular degeneration with blood-lipid levels in a population of middle-aged and elderly people undergoing health checkup / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To investigate the relationship of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) with blood-lipid levels. Methods Individuals 40 years old or older who had undergone a physical-health examination in our hospital between January and December 2017 were enrolled in this study. Information regarding medical history and the results of essential ophthalmological and physical-health examinations were examined to exclude individuals with serious chronic diseases such as malignant tumors, stroke, myocardial infarction, pulmonary heart disease, hypertension, diabetes, and kidney disease. One thousand nine individuals with AMD (all at the early stage) were included in the AMD group, and 3489 individuals without AMD were included in the non-AMD group. Data of all participants, including total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, were collected and analyzed. Results The average age in the AMD group was higher than that in the non-AMD group, and the male to female ratio was significantly higher in the AMD group (P<0.05). After adjusting for age, gender, and BMI confounders, multiple linear stepwise regression analysis revealed that HDL-C was associated with AMD (β=-0.026, 95% CI: 0.045-0.006, P=0.011); there was no correlation between TC, TG, LDL-C, and AMD (all P>0.05). Conclusion Early stage AMD was related to a decrease in HDL-C, which may be a protective factor against AMD. Further study is warranted to validate this finding.

Correlation of serum vitamin D with serum lipid in middle-aged and elderly people / 中华临床营养杂志

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum 25-hydroxy-vitamin D (25-OH-D) with lipid profiles in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods A total of 284 patients aged over 40 years and admitted in our hospital from May 2016 to May 2017 were selected and divided into four groups according to 25-OH-D levels as the group of normal level which was not less than 30 ng/ml,the group of slight deficiency which was between 20 and 29 ng/ml,the group of moderate deficiency which was between 10 and 19 ng/ml,and the group of severely deficiency which was under 10 ng/ml.Fasting blood draw were taken to detect liver and renal functions,lipids,calcium,phosphorus and 25-OH-D levels.The level of lipids between groups was compared by one-way ANOVA,and the association between lipid profiles and 25-OH-D levels was assessed by Pearson correlation and multiple linear regression.Results The levels of triglyceride (TG),low density lipoprotein cholesterin (LDL-C) and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) were significantly higher and the HDL-C levels were significantly lower in the groups of severely deficiency,moderate deficiency and slight deficiency than in the normal group (P=0.035,P=0.015,P=0.013).The levels of serum 25-OH-D were significantly higher in HDL-C ≥ 1.04 mmol/L group than in H DL-C＜ 1.04 mmol/L group (Female P =0.007,male P=0.034).The correlation analysis showed that serum 25-OH-D level was positively associated with HDL-C (female r =0.309,P=0.002,male r =0.241,P=0.002).The multiple linear regression analysis showed that 25-OH-D level was positively correlated with HDL-C,after adjusting age,BMI,liver and kidney function,serum calcium and serum phosphorus (femaleβ =0.259,P =0.047,maleβ =0.217,P =0.049).Conclusion The incidence of vitamin D deficiency is high in middle-aged and elderly patients,and the level of serum 25-OH-D is positively correlated with HDL-C.

Association between the change of daily living activities and symptoms of depression in Chinese middle-aged and elderly people / 中华流行病学杂志

Objective To explore the association between the change of daily living activities and the suymtoms of depression in Chinese middle-age and elderly people.Methods People without symptoms on depression,emotional or spiritual diseases or memories related diseases in baseline survey (2011),those who were aged ≥45 years in the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) with two waves from 2011 to 2013 were invited to participate in this CHARLS study.Information related to demographic characteristics and health status of the subjects were collected through household-interview.Depression symptom was assessed with the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression (CES-D10) scale.Activities of daily living function was assessed by both Basic Activities of Daily Living (BADL) and Instrument Activities of Daily Living (IADL) scales.Symptoms of depression was compared and the differences in various BADL/IADL changing groups were analyzed with Log-rank test.Association between the changes of daily living activities and depression symptom was analyzed by Cox regression model.Results Results from the log-rank test showed that the differences of depression symptom hazard ratio were statistically significant in different BADL/IADL changing groups.Results from the Cox regression analysis showed that the BADL/IADL in the deteriorating groups was associated with the higher hazard ratio of depression symptom (P＜0.01),with the HR value (95％CI) for BADL and IADL deteriorate groups as 1.45 (1.20-1.76) and 1.64 (1.36-1.98),respectively,when comparing to the ‘stablized'group.This phenomenon appeared an urban-rural difference.Statistical significances on IADL also happened in both urban and rural areas while BADL only occurred in rurals.Conclusion There appeared an association between the change of daily living activities and depression symptom in Chinese middle-age and elderly people.Difference between IADL and BADL was also noticed between urban and rural areas.